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The British citizens trying to flee China

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Coronavirus: Scientists race to develop a vaccine

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Coronavirus: Hong Kong to slash border travel as virus spreads

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Prostate overtakes breast as 'most common cancer'

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Coronavirus: Airlift for Britons trapped in China 'under review'

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Football 'not just a game' for devoted fans

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Devoted football fans experience 'dangerous' levels of stress

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China coronavirus: The lessons learned from the Sars outbreak

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Coronavirus: World Health Organisation on China response

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What's the difference between pandemic and epidemic?

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China coronavirus: Fears infections will rise as hundreds of millions travel

With hundreds of millions set to travel, China tries to corral the deadly virus in Hubei province. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Coronavirus: British passenger 'wasn't sure' he could get out of Wuhan

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Coronavirus: Anxiety rises as Chinese city goes into lockdown

Authorities suspend outbound planes, trains and public transport in the city of 11 million people. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Can wearing masks stop the spread of viruses?

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Scientists discover 'why stress turns hair white'

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Wuhan: Virus-hit Chinese city to shut public transport

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Coronavirus: Chinese officials advise against travel to Wuhan

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Cardiff hospital trials cooling patients after cardiac arrest

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China coronavirus: What we know so far

The BBC's online health editor explains what we know about the coronavirus. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

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New China virus: US announces first case

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‘I used gender transition as a form of escape’

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New China virus: 'Wash your hands, be honest with your doctors'

A public health expert gives advice on how to try and avoid infection from the new China virus. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

HPV puts 'strain' on sex and dating

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Being born with no smell: 'I don't know what food tastes like'

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NHS faces huge clinical negligence legal fees bill

Doctors' groups say the current system is not fit for purpose and requires "fundamental" reform. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Sperm donations from dead men should be allowed, study says

Research suggests the method could help curb a growing shortage of UK donations. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Call to tax 'hidden' sugar in pre-mixed alcoholic drinks

Some cans of spirits and cocktails sold in shops and supermarkets contain eight teaspoons of sugar. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

New China virus: Fourth person dies as human-to-human transfer confirmed

Authorities say two cases of infection in Guangdong were a result of human-to-human transmission. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Immune discovery 'may treat all cancer'

Research is at an early stage but scientists said it had huge potential for destroying cancers. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

New China virus: Your questions answered

Are airports screening arrivals? Can the virus affect anyone who has travelled to China recently? via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

China coronavirus: Number of cases jumps as virus spreads to new cities

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New coronavirus 'preventable and controllable', China says

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Newcastle children talk mental health thanks to puppets

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Fake drugs: How bad is Africa’s counterfeit medicine problem?

Seven African countries are meeting in Togo to tackle the issue of fake drugs. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

A snapshot of what it’s like to be autistic or dyspraxic

Exceptional Individuals is showing employers how to make their work environment neurodiverse friendly. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Utah condom campaign halted over racy packaging

The US state was to distribute 100,000 condoms for free as part of an HIV-prevention campaign. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

'Alarming' one in five deaths due to sepsis

The most detailed study of sepsis shows it is a much bigger problem than previously thought. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Dementia: Does heading a football cause the disease?

Concerns are growing that heading a football may increase the risk of players developing dementia. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Lyme disease like 'waking with a hangover' every day

A engineer forced to quit work hopes pop star Justin Bieber will raise awareness of the condition. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

'The reality is I shouldn't be here - it's a miracle'

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Miscarriage can lead to 'long-term post-traumatic stress'

One in six women is still suffering nine months after they lose their baby, research suggests. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Hernia mesh implants used 'with no clinical evidence'

The devices cut into tissue and nerves, leaving some unable to walk, work or care for their children. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

'Miracle baby' born after womb transplant

Benjamin is only the second child in the US to be born through the procedure. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

NHS to pioneer cholesterol-busting jab

Thousands of lives could be saved by a new heart disease drug, experts say. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) for 1,800 foods

Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: 2008: 58-page PDF from Diabetes Care 2008 Dec; 31(12): 2281-2283. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1239

https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/suppl/2008/09/18/dc08-1239.DC1/TableA1_1.pdf

References:

https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/31/12/2281.figures-only
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/glycemic-index-and-glycemic-load-for-100-foods

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Languages affected differently by brain disease

English and Italian speakers with dementia struggled in different ways with their native tongue. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

'My ability to see depends on men giving blood'

Jo Daniels is urging more men to donate blood, after figures showed a gender imbalance. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Tafida Raqeeb: Brain-damaged girl in High Court case out of intensive care

The Italian hospital treating Tafida Raqeeb says she has managed to breath without help for an hour. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Living with ADHD: 'I have the brain of Einstein and the attention span of a toddler'

Stuart, who has ADHD, says he has "the brain of Einstein and the attention span of a two year old". via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Fatty tongues could be main driver of sleep apnoea

Fat lost from the tongue was the reason for improvements in a sleep apnoea weight loss study. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

More men needed to donate blood 'high in iron'

Men make up 40% of blood donors and their blood contains more iron than women's. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Mystery Chinese virus: How worried should we be?

More than 50 people have been infected with a newly discovered virus. via BBC News - Health Read More Here..

Thousands on waiting lists for gender identity clinics

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Healthy habits 'deliver extra disease-free decade'

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Running and mental health: 'I couldn't see a way past depression until I ran'

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Scottish project tackles pills' 'environmental impact'

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Does music make exercise more effective?

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Running marathon cuts years off 'artery age'

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Ex-footballers urged to sign up for early dementia tests

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The autistic Russian teenager amazing the art world

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Brain 'shrinks' if children neglected

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Caring for two-year-old with unique ageing condition

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China pneumonia: Sars ruled out as dozens fall ill in Wuhan

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'Some men think women shouldn't be in the gym'

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Age of carers is 'looming crisis' for adult care

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China pneumonia outbreak: Mystery virus probed in Wuhan

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Intermittent metabolic switching (IMS) via fasting: is it for you and how to do it?

Intermittent metabolic switching (IMS) via fasting is getting mainstream, spearheaded by an all-positive NEJM review published on Christmas Day 2019: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1905136

The article is ranked at the 99th percentile compared to other NEJM articles as of 01-02-2020, https://www.nejm.org/doi/metrics/10.1056/NEJMra1905136#social_media

Fasting is an example of hormesis. Hormesis is a term used by toxicologists to refer to a biphasic dose–response to an environmental agent: 1. a low dose stimulation or beneficial effect, 2. a high dose inhibitory or toxic effect. In the fields of biology and medicine hormesis is defined as an adaptive response of cells and organisms to a moderate (usually intermittent) stress. Examples include exercise, dietary energy restriction and exposures to low doses of certain phytochemicals. Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18162444

Intermittent metabolic switching (IMS) causes beneficial effects via a three-step process, illustrated below.



Effects of Fasting, Intermittent metabolic switching (IMS) (click to enlarge the image).

Fasting first causes the use of the glucose from the liver as a source of energy, produced via gluconeogenesis from glycogen from the stores in the liver. The glycogen is exhausted after 10-14 hours, then the glucose to ketone switch via ketogenesis is activated. The body fat releases fatty acids which the liver uses to makes ketones. This is illustrated in figure 2 here: https://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16647, https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/47/16647/F2.large.jpg

The metabolic processes and the roles of the different organs are shown in figure 2 here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-017-0013-z/figures/2

Biochemical pathways involved in the metabolic switch are shown in figure 1 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5913738/figure/F1/

Signalling pathways by which neurons respond to the metabolic switch during fasting and exercise, shown in figure 2 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5913738/figure/F2/

Examples of effects of intermittent fasting on different organ systems are shown in figure 3 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5411330/figure/F3/

Mark P. Mattson has reviewed hormetic plant chemicals here, see the figures: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5841445/

Challenging oneself intermittently could improve health.

Fasting causes the following effects:

Increased: ketones, autophagy, DNA repair, mitochondrial stress, antioxidant defenses/sirtuins, neurotrophic factors - BDNF/cognition, increased parasympathetic tone/HRV

Decreased: glucose, insulin, IGF-1, mTOR/RAS/protooncogenes, protein synthesis, cholesterol, CRP, TNF, heart rate, BP, temperature

The recovery (eating) leads to ketone to glucose switch:

Increased: glucose, insulin, mTOR, protein synthesis, mitochondrial biogenesis. The reward: cell growth/CNS synaptic plasticity/neurogenesis, structural/functional tissue remodelling

Decreased: ketones, autophagy

3 meals plus snacks is abnormal eating pattern form evolutionary perspective (multiple glucose spikes, no ketones). See figure
1 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5411330/figure/F1

The intermittent metabolic switching (IMS) leads to long term adaptation:

Increased: insulin sensitivity, HRV. Healthier lipid profile and gut microbiome

Decreased: abdominal fat, inflammation (CRP), blood pressure

The long term reward includes a resilience of cells/organs to stress - metabolic, oxidative, ischemic, proteotoxic stress, enhanced cognition, mood, ANS function.

The adaptive responses of major organ systems to intermittent fasting are shown in figure 2 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3946160/figure/F2/

Neural circuits and cellular signaling pathways that mediate adaptive responses of the brain to fasting are shown in figure 4 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3946160/figure/F4/?report=objectonly

A model for how intermittent metabolic switching may optimize brain performance and increase resistance to injury and disease, shown in figure 3 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5913738/figure/F3/

Patterns of daily and weekly food consumption, shown in figure 3 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4250148/figure/fig03/

Mark Mattson recommended 5:2 diet with restricted time eating. 5:2 implies eating over a 6-hour time frame for 5 days, followed by 2 days of fasting. Fasting is defined as eating 50 calories per day, not water fasting. Mark Mattson advocates for this approach to be continued indefinitely, see figure 4 here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1905136

Valter Longo proposed a fasting mimicking diet (FMD) which consists of low calories meals for 5 days, followed by a longevity diet, which is mostly plant-based diet. The fasting mimicking diet is eaten between every month to every 6 months based on the risk factors present in the patient. The fasting mimicking diet (Prolon) is available for purchased from Valter Longo's company and costs approximately $230 dollars for 5 days.

Most of the researchers involved in intermittent metabolic switching (IMS) via fasting are so convinced by the findings that they follow some fasting protocol or another. Discuss with your physician before trying fasting.

References:

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease | NEJM https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1905136#.Xg5Cpc_K93s.twitter

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18162444

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18162444

https://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16647

https://www.ihmc.us/stemtalk/episode007/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-017-0013-z#Fig2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5841445/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4267452/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5411330/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3946160/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5913738/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4346441/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783752/

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